【分词作状语例句】在英语语法中,分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)可以作状语,用来表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。分词作状语时,通常省略了主语,其逻辑主语与主句的主语一致。以下是对分词作状语的总结,并附上典型例句。
一、分词作状语的用法总结
| 分词类型 | 功能 | 举例说明 | 
| 现在分词 | 表示主动或进行中的动作,常用于时间、原因、伴随等 | ① Seeing the teacher, the students stood up. ② Feeling tired, he went to bed early. ③ Walking in the park, she met an old friend. | 
| 过去分词 | 表示被动或完成的动作,常用于原因、条件等 | ① Given more time, we could finish the work. ② Frightened by the noise, the child cried. ③ Finished with his homework, he went out to play. | 
二、分词作状语的常见结构
1. 现在分词作状语:
- 表示时间:Having finished his work, he left the office.
- 表示原因:Being ill, she couldn’t go to school.
- 表示伴随:He sat there, reading a book.
- 表示条件:Using more water, you can clean the floor better.
2. 过去分词作状语:
- 表示原因:Worried about the exam, she couldn’t sleep.
- 表示条件:Given a chance, I would try again.
- 表示让步:Though invited, he refused to come.
三、典型例句对照表
| 句子 | 分词形式 | 功能 | 中文解释 | 
| 1. Seeing the accident, the driver stopped quickly. | Seeing | 时间 | 看到事故后,司机迅速停下来。 | 
| 2. Feeling hungry, she opened the fridge. | Feeling | 原因 | 感到饿,她打开了冰箱。 | 
| 3. Hearing the news, he was shocked. | Hearing | 时间 | 听到这个消息,他震惊了。 | 
| 4. Bored with the lecture, he left the room. | Bored | 原因 | 对讲座感到无聊,他离开了房间。 | 
| 5. Given the choice, I would choose the red one. | Given | 条件 | 如果有选择的话,我会选红色的那个。 | 
| 6. Encouraged by the teacher, he tried harder. | Encouraged | 原因 | 在老师的鼓励下,他更加努力了。 | 
| 7. Standing on the top of the mountain, he felt proud. | Standing | 伴随 | 站在山顶上,他感到自豪。 | 
| 8. Lost in thought, she didn’t hear the bell. | Lost | 原因 | 沉思中,她没听到铃声。 | 
四、注意事项
- 分词作状语时,主句的主语与分词的逻辑主语必须一致。
- 现在分词强调主动或进行,过去分词强调被动或完成。
- 分词短语的位置灵活,可放在句首、句中或句尾。
通过以上总结和例句,可以看出分词作状语是英语中一种非常实用的语法现象,能够使句子表达更简洁、自然。掌握这一用法,有助于提高语言表达的多样性和准确性。
 
                            

